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Diverticulitis: A Review.

Rebecca F Brown¹, Kerri Lopez¹, Charlotte B Smith²

¹Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore.

|July 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diverticulitis, an inflammation of intestinal pouches, affects 180,000 people annually in the US. Treatment varies from observation for uncomplicated cases to antibiotics and surgery for complicated diverticulitis.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Diverticulosis involves intestinal outpouchings; diverticulitis is their inflammation.
Affects 180,000 annually in the US, with significant healthcare costs.
Risk factors include age, genetics, obesity, certain medications, and chronic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of diverticulitis.
To differentiate between uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis.
To guide treatment strategies based on disease severity and patient factors.

Main Methods:

Literature review of diverticulitis epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation.
Analysis of diagnostic modalities, focusing on contrast-enhanced CT scans.
Review of current management guidelines for uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis.

Main Results:

Diverticulitis incidence is 180 per 100,000 in the US.
Contrast-enhanced CT has >98% sensitivity and >99% specificity for diagnosis.
85% of cases are uncomplicated, managed with observation and pain control.

Conclusions:

Uncomplicated diverticulitis management involves observation and pain relief; antibiotics are reserved for specific patient groups.
Complicated diverticulitis requires intravenous antibiotics and potentially invasive procedures like drainage or resection.
Treatment decisions are tailored to disease severity, patient comorbidities, and systemic symptoms.