Advances in Research Pertaining to Biomarkers for Myocardial Injury in Sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by acute organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, often complicated by multi-organ injury. Myocardial injury occurs in approximately 40% of patients with sepsis, and failure to promptly recognize and manage this condition may result in missed treatment windows, disease exacerbation, and increased mortality. Sepsis-induced myocardial injury is reversible, and early diagnosis coupled with timely intervention can significantly reduce mortality. However, due to the unclear underlying pathophysiology and the absence of a definitive gold standard for diagnosis, conventional biomarkers of myocardial injury offer limited diagnostic utility. Emerging biomarkers such as high-mobility group box 1 protein, microRNAs, and growth differentiation factor 15 are currently being explored to understand their potential role in early detection and prognostic assessment. In this review, recent research advances in both traditional and novel biomarkers associated with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy have been summarized, providing insights into their clinical applications and future research directions.