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Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

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Psychiatric Comorbidity in Intellectual Developmental Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Borja Astilleros Martínez¹, Maria Pilar Martin¹, Yasuhiro Kotera^2,3

¹Department of Psychiatry and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)

|July 24, 2025

Summary

Individuals with intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) face higher risks for psychological disorders, including anxiety and mood conditions. Comprehensive assessments and integrated treatments are crucial for improving their well-being and public health outcomes.

Keywords:

frequency incidence intellectual disability prevalence psychopathology systematic review

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience and Psychology
Developmental Disorders Research
Public Health and Mental Health

Background:

Intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) affect 1% globally, impacting intellectual and adaptive skills.
Causes are diverse, including prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors, often with unidentified origins.
Mild IDD is most prevalent, highlighting the need to understand associated conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically evaluate the comorbidity of psychological disorders in individuals diagnosed with IDD.
To synthesize current research on mental health conditions co-occurring with IDD.

Main Methods:

Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Searched databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed) for studies from 2014-2024.
Included studies on psychopathology in individuals with IDD from birth, excluding those under 16 and with severe/profound IDD.

Main Results:

Eleven studies were included from 2895 retrieved articles.
Identified heterogeneous comorbidities: schizophrenia spectrum, mood, anxiety, developmental, personality, substance use, and adjustment disorders.
Confirmed increased vulnerability to mental health conditions in individuals with IDD.

Conclusions:

Individuals with IDD exhibit heightened vulnerability to mental health conditions.
Emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive assessments and multidisciplinary treatments for improved quality of life.
Recommends future research on validated diagnostic tools, longitudinal studies, gender differences, and tailored interventions for disadvantaged contexts.