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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Thermal Limits Determination for Zooplankton Using a Heat Block
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Record-breaking 2023 marine heatwaves.

Tianyun Dong1,2,3, Zhenzhong Zeng1,2,3, Ming Pan4

  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligence and Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 24, 2025
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2023 saw record-breaking marine heatwaves (MHWs) globally, driven by factors like increased solar radiation and altered ocean currents. These extreme events underscore the escalating impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • 2023 experienced unprecedented marine heatwaves (MHWs) globally.
  • Record-breaking duration, extent, and intensity of MHWs were observed.
  • MHW activity exceeded historical norms by over three standard deviations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze the drivers of the 2023 marine heatwaves.
  • Investigate regional variations in MHW causes.
  • Assess the impact of climate change on extreme marine events.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ECCO2 high-resolution daily data.
  • Conducted a mixed-layer heat budget analysis.
  • Identified region-specific heat flux and advection patterns.

Main Results:

  • North Atlantic and North Pacific MHWs driven by enhanced shortwave flux and shallower mixed layers.
  • Southwest Pacific MHWs linked to reduced cloud cover and increased advection.
  • Tropical Eastern Pacific MHWs influenced by oceanic advection.

Conclusions:

  • 2023 MHWs demonstrate the intensifying effects of a warming climate.
  • Understanding regional drivers is crucial for predicting extreme marine events.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges posed by these events.