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A Computerized Functional Skills Assessment and Training Program Targeting Technology Based Everyday Functional Skills

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Enhancing cognitive function through ICT in low-SES Malaysian children.

Jason Wei Jian Ng¹, Santha Vaithilingam², Li-Ann Hwang³

¹Department of Applied Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Actuarial and Analytics Research, School of Mathematical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia; Sunway Institute for Global Strategy and Competitiveness, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Acta Psychologica

|July 24, 2025

Summary

Technology exposure through the Program Titian Digital significantly improved executive functions, like cognitive flexibility, in Malaysian children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. This ICT initiative shows potential for cognitive empowerment in vulnerable populations.

Keywords:

Executive function ICT Neuroplasticity Poverty Socioeconomic status Vulnerable communities

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Educational Technology
Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds often face challenges in cognitive development.
Executive functions (EF), including cognitive flexibility, are crucial for academic success and life outcomes.
The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on EF in vulnerable populations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the effect of the Program Titian Digital (PTD), an ICT initiative, on the executive functions of children from low SES backgrounds in Malaysia.
To assess improvements in cognitive flexibility, planning skills, and reaction times following ICT intervention.
To explore the potential of ICT to enhance cognitive development in educationally underserved communities.

Main Methods:

A quasi-experimental design was utilized with students aged 9-12 years from two rural Tamil vernacular schools.
An intervention group received structured ICT training (PTD), while a control group did not.
Executive function was measured using the Tower of London (ToL) task pre- and post-intervention, with ANCOVA for data analysis.

Main Results:

The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in executive function compared to the control group.
Specific enhancements were observed in planning skills and overall cognitive performance.
The results align with the neuroplasticity theory, indicating positive cognitive changes due to ICT exposure.

Conclusions:

Structured ICT interventions like PTD can effectively enhance executive functions in children from low SES backgrounds.
This study underscores the role of technology in cognitive empowerment and offers a model for educational policy.
Findings suggest ICT initiatives can be a valuable tool for poverty alleviation strategies by boosting cognitive capabilities.