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Related Concept Videos

Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
06:44

Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity

Published on: June 12, 2016

Countercurrent chromatography research shaped by Yoichiro Ito.

Martha Knight1

  • 1CC Biotech LLC, 15 Taft Ct. #243, Rockville, MD, 20850-5318, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|July 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomedical engineer Yoichiro Ito pioneered advanced separation technologies, including coil planet centrifuges and partition chromatography, enhancing molecular separation efficiency. His innovations at NIH revolutionized biomedical engineering and separation science.

Keywords:
Coil planet centrifugeCountercurrent chromatography historyHigh-speed countercurrent chromatographypH zone refining CCCspiral CCC

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Separation Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Yoichiro Ito, a distinguished biomedical engineer, joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1968, focusing on developing advanced separation devices for blood cells.
  • Early work included a blood fragility measurement device developed in Japan and the construction of two initial coil planet centrifuges.

Discussion:

  • Ito dedicated over five decades at NIH to innovating instrument design for partition chromatography, achieving high-efficiency separation across diverse molecular types.
  • His research advanced coil planet centrifuges into complex instruments with significant preparative capabilities for both small and large biological molecules.

Key Insights:

  • Discovery of novel separation methods, notably pH zone refining centrifugal partition chromatography (CCC), a potent separation process and preparative technique.
  • Analysis of Ito's patents reveals his innovative thought process in developing new instruments and effective separation methodologies.

Outlook:

  • Continued application of Ito's foundational separation principles in advanced analytical and preparative techniques.
  • Potential for further development of centrifugal partition chromatography (CCC) and related technologies in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research.