Acetabular reconstruction: From fracture pattern to fixation - part 1

Acetabular fractures remain one of the most complex injuries in orthopedic trauma surgery. Although the Judet-Letournel classification is widely accepted, it is predominantly descriptive and may offer limited intraoperative guidance. This study aims to present a simplified framework based on functional fracture orientation, distinguishing between column and transverse fracture families. Through this lens, surgical planning, reduction strategy, and fixation method selection can be facilitated.

A five-step interpretation model was developed to classify and manage acetabular fractures. The model includes: (1) identification of primary and secondary fracture lines, (2) radiographic analysis from AP and Judet views, (3) axial CT orientation to determine fracture trajectory, (4) identification of the constant fragment, and (5) evaluation of endo-pelvic and exo-pelvic accessibility. Each fracture family was analyzed to correlate fracture morphology with specific reduction maneuvers, clamp positioning, and definitive implant placement.

Column fractures follow a coronal orientation when viewed on an axial CT, while transverse and T-type fractures propagate in a sagittal plane and often involve both columns. T-type fractures present an additional vertical component requiring dual-column reduction. For each fracture pattern, tailored reduction tools and implant configurations are proposed according to anatomical accessibility and biomechanical demands.

This structured approach offers a reproducible analytical tool for preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. By simplifying fracture type interpretation and aligning morphology with fixation strategy, it supports accurate surgical decision-making, enhances training for orthopedic trauma surgeons and improves fixation outcomes.