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Can GPT-4 provide human-level emotion support? Insights from machine learning-based evaluation framework.

Wanghao Dong1, Weijun Wang1, Xinheng Han2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), 152 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, China.

Computers in Biology and Medicine
|July 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise for mental health support. Targeted prompts significantly enhance GPT-4

Keywords:
Emotional supportExplainable machine learningGPT-4Large language modelsPrompt engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Mental Health Technology
  • Computational Psychology

Background:

  • Global mental health services face a significant shortage.
  • Generative artificial intelligence (AI) presents a potential solution for psychological health challenges.
  • Evaluating AI's emotional support capabilities is crucial for its application in mental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the emotional support capabilities of GPT-4.
  • To explore prompt engineering strategies for enhancing GPT-4's empathy.
  • To introduce an evaluation framework for assessing and optimizing AI in mental health.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized natural language processing and explainable machine learning to create an empathy evaluation model for GPT-4.
  • Conducted feature sensitivity analysis to identify key linguistic drivers of empathy.
  • Developed targeted prompt engineering strategies based on empathy and helping skills theories.

Main Results:

  • Unprompted GPT-4 exhibits considerable empathy but is not equivalent to human counselors.
  • Prompt-engineered GPT-4 shows marked improvement in emotional support compared to its unprompted state.
  • Prompted GPT-4 achieves human-level performance in addressing specific negative emotions like anger, fear, and disgust.

Conclusions:

  • GPT-4 demonstrates potential as a tool for emotional support in mental health.
  • Prompt engineering is effective in significantly boosting AI's emotional support capabilities.
  • The developed EEE framework can assess and refine AI for mental health applications.