Physical and psychological optimization of tele-exercise programs by establishing guidelines.

Area of Science:

• Health Sciences
• Exercise Physiology
• Digital Health

Background:

• Tele-exercise offers a solution for physical activity access barriers.
• The field lacks standardized guidelines for safe and effective implementation.
• Structured frameworks are needed to ensure tele-exercise quality and accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish expert consensus on fundamental aspects of tele-exercise.
• To address the need for standardized tele-exercise guidelines.
• To create a preliminary framework for tele-exercise implementation.

Main Methods:

• Mixed-method approach combining literature analysis and a modified Delphi study.
• Four rounds of expert opinions collected via focus groups and questionnaires.
• Consensus defined as ≥60% agreement among 31 experts (17 internal, 14 external).

Main Results:

• Consensus reached on 7 thematic areas and 25 operational recommendations.
• Key recommendations cover fitness training design (e.g., 2-10 participants/session), safety protocols, and technology.
• Guidelines address definitions, program design, space/equipment, safety, technology, engagement, and monitoring.

Conclusions:

• Standardized tele-exercise practices are crucial for safety and effectiveness.
• The study provides a preliminary framework with consensus on technical and psychological features.
• Findings support the scalability and safety of tele-exercise across diverse populations.