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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

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Exploiting Intersubband Plasmons in Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Near-Infrared Electrochromic Windows.

Alex Abelson¹, Philip M Jean-Remy¹, Tom Nakotte²

¹Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States.

|July 25, 2025

Summary

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in smart windows offer switchable near-infrared (NIR) light control. These energy-saving films show significant NIR transmittance changes and bistable states for low-power applications.

Keywords:

Ionic liquid aligned carbon nanotube electrochromic infrared plasmon

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Optoelectronics

Background:

Optically transparent materials with tunable near-infrared (NIR) transmissivity are crucial for energy-efficient smart windows.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer unique optical properties for advanced material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of vertically aligned CNT films for switchable NIR transmissivity in smart window applications.
To explore the electrochromic response of CNT films driven by intersubband plasmon (ISBP) absorption.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of semitransparent films using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Integration of CNT films into electrochemically gated devices.
Characterization of NIR transmittance modulation and optical states under applied voltage.

Main Results:

Demonstrated NIR transmittance changes up to 47% with bistable optical states.
Tuned electrochromic response attributed to doping-induced ISBP absorption in CNTs.
Observed ISBP resonance changes dependent on voltage, electrode material, and film thickness.

Conclusions:

Vertically aligned CNT films are promising for low-power, large-area smart window technologies.
The study highlights the role of ISBP absorption in switchable NIR optical properties of CNTs.
Electrochemical gating provides an effective method for controlling NIR transmittance in CNT-based devices.