Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Heterometallic ludwigite M<sub>2.5</sub>T<sub>0.5</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) and (M<sub>2</sub>T)(O<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) (M = Co, Ni, Cu; T = Ti, Sn, Fe) compounds as electrocatalysts.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026

Same author

Performance analysis of a biomass gasification combined cycle power plant using rice husk and sugarcane bagasse with circular utilization of ash in green concrete.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Enhancing mechanical performance, durability, and environmental impact assessment of green concrete incorporating industrial and agricultural wastes.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Nanodelivery strategies for caloric restriction mimetics in age-associated neurodegeneration.

Ageing research reviews·2026

Same author

Recalibration of the European Kidney Function Consortium eGFR Equation for the Indian Population.

Kidney international reports·2026

Same author

Life-cycle and techno-economic analyses of agro-waste-derived biodegradable plastics enhanced via AI-based parametric optimization.

Environmental research·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Electronic Structure Modulation of AlN₄ Single-Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Shahan Atif¹, Omeshwari Yadorao Bisen¹, Soumen Midya¹

¹Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|July 25, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed advanced aluminium single-atom catalysts (Al-N4-C) for efficient oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). These catalysts show high activity and durability, comparable to platinum, offering a promising alternative for energy applications.

Keywords:

aluminium phthalocyanine density functional theory dicyandiamide oxygen reduction reaction single atom catalysts zinc‐air battery

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Published on: April 27, 2018

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Published on: April 27, 2018

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Mechanistic understanding of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in p-block metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) is limited.
Aluminium (Al) typically shows poor ORR activity due to strong oxygen intermediate binding.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the high intrinsic activity of AlN4 active sites in carbon nanostructures for ORR.
To uncover the origins of catalytic activity in Al-based SACs through electronic structure analysis.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive analysis of surface and bulk electronic structures.
Theoretical calculations including Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Bader charge analysis.
Fabrication and testing of Al-N4-C as cathode material in zinc-air batteries.

Main Results:

Atomically dispersed AlN4 sites exhibit superior ORR activity, selectivity, and durability compared to macrocyclic aluminium phthalocyanine and Pt/C.
Al-N4-C demonstrated stable performance over 36 hours in zinc-air batteries.
Charge delocalization and local coordination environment are key factors for enhanced 4e- transfer ORR activity.

Conclusions:

Tailoring the electronic structure and coordination environment of Al atoms optimizes the p-band center for enhanced ORR catalysis.
Al-based SACs offer a viable alternative to precious metal catalysts for energy conversion applications.
Findings provide insights for engineering main-group metal catalysts by tuning the p-band center.