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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells

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Multiaxial Aromatic-Based Photoferroelectric Induced by Synergistic Intermolecular Interactions for Multidirectional

Lijun Xu^1,2,3, Zhenyue Wu^1,4, Huang Ye^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Devices, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|July 25, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a novel multiaxial aromatic photoferroelectric, (4Br2FBZ)2PbBr4, for stable multidirectional self-powered X-ray detection. This material exhibits significant spontaneous polarization and high sensitivity, paving the way for advanced X-ray detectors.

Keywords:

Ferroelectric Hybrid perovskite Noncovalent interaction Self‐powered X‐ray detection

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Physics
Crystallography

Background:

Photoferroelectrics combine ferroelectric and semiconductor properties for self-powered X-ray detection.
Developing multiaxial aromatic photoferroelectrics for stable multidirectional detection is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and synthesize a novel multiaxial aromatic-based photoferroelectric material.
To investigate its potential for stable multidirectional self-powered X-ray detection.

Main Methods:

Synergistic noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonding and fluorine-π) were used to construct the multiaxial aromatic-based photoferroelectric (4Br2FBZ)2PbBr4.
Aromatic cations were oriented to form a T-shaped stacking architecture, inducing electric dipoles and four equivalent polarization directions.
Self-powered X-ray detectors were assembled and characterized for sensitivity and stability.

Main Results:

The material (4Br2FBZ)2PbBr4 exhibits a large spontaneous polarization (4.48 µC cm⁻²) and a high Curie temperature (408 K).
Detectors demonstrated high sensitivities (181.7 and 175.3 µC Gy⁻¹ cm⁻²) and exceptional stability along two polar axes.
Polycrystalline films showed excellent self-powered X-ray detection due to biaxial ferroelectricity.

Conclusions:

The novel multiaxial aromatic photoferroelectric (4Br2FBZ)2PbBr4 enables stable multidirectional self-powered X-ray detection.
The material's unique structure and properties are promising for next-generation flexible and thin-film integrated X-ray devices.