Analytical computation for segmentation and classification of lumbar vertebral fractures

Spinal health forms the cornerstone of the overall human body functionality with the lumbar spine playing a critical role and prone to various types of injuries due to inflammation and diseases, including lumbar vertebral fractures. This paper proposes automated method for segmentation of lumbar vertebral body (VB) using image processing techniques such as shape features and morphological operations. This entails an initial phase of image preprocessing, followed by detection and localizing of vertebral regions. Subsequently, vertebral are segmented and labeled, with each classified into normal or fractured using classification techniques, k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machines (SVM). The methodology leverages unique vertebral characteristics like gray scales, shape features, and textural elements through a range of machine learning methods. The approach is assessed and validated on a clinical spine dataset dice score used for segmentation, achieving an average accuracy rate of 95%, and for classification, achieving average accuracy of 97.01%.