Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 14, 2025
07:22
A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Published on: March 14, 2025
577
Chemical Injuries Classification and Management - Current Perspectives
Mugundhan Rajarajan1, Varsha Bhambhani Chavda1, Vanathi Murugesan2
1CJ Shah Cornea Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
Seminars in Ophthalmology
|July 25, 2025
Summary
Chemical eye injuries cause significant vision loss worldwide. Prompt irrigation, medical therapy, and surgical intervention are crucial, followed by personalized rehabilitation for long-term visual recovery.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Trauma Care
Background:
- Ocular chemical injuries are a major global cause of vision impairment.
- Immediate intervention is vital to prevent visual morbidity and long-term sequelae.
- Severity depends on chemical type, concentration, exposure duration, and ocular surface involvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current classification and management of ocular chemical injuries.
- To highlight recent advances in acute and chronic treatment protocols.
Main Methods:
- A literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted.
- 72 relevant studies (systematic reviews, RCTs, cohort, case series) were selected.
- Focus on chemical injury classification and management.
Main Results:
- Acute management includes irrigation, neutralization, and medical therapy to prevent damage.
- Severe cases may require surgical intervention for ocular integrity.
- Chronic phase management focuses on visual rehabilitation after ocular surface stabilization.
Conclusions:
- Effective management requires a phased approach: acute intervention and personalized long-term rehabilitation.
- Advancements in therapy improve outcomes, but research and vigilance are essential.
- Optimizing care for ocular chemical injuries necessitates integrated strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Toxic Reactions: Overview
1.2K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.2K
01:27Effects of Chemicals: Overview
1.4K
Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
1.4K
01:14Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison
927
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
927
01:36Types of Toxins
2.0K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
2.0K
01:22Burn Injuries
2.8K
Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
2.8K
01:26Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment
1.0K
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
1.0K