Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome Presenting as Diarrhea and Weight Loss: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare, non-hereditary disorder characterized by diffuse, non-neoplastic gastrointestinal polyposis along with ectodermal abnormalities, such as alopecia, skin hyperpigmentation, and nail dystrophy. It typically affects individuals aged >50 years and can lead to severe complications, including protein-losing enteropathy, chronic diarrhea, and malnutrition, if not diagnosed early. We report the case of a 68-year-old male who presented with a 2-month history of diarrhea, weight loss, and hair loss. Endoscopic and histopathological examinations revealed diffuse polyposis throughout the gastrointestinal tract, consistent with CCS findings. The patient was treated with a combination of corticosteroids and azathioprine, which led to marked clinical and endoscopic improvements. No recurrence was observed during 1 year of follow-up period. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the typical clinical and diagnostic features of CCS. Owing to its nonspecific presentation, diagnosis may be delayed, potentially worsening the prognosis. Therefore, CCS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of middle-aged or older patients who present with multiple gastrointestinal polyps accompanied by ectodermal symptoms. Early recognition and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy are essential for improving patient outcomes and preventing complications. Long-term surveillance is necessary because of the potential for polyp recurrence or malignant transformation.