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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Intermolecular Interaction Adjustment for LiNO3 Solubility Promotion toward High-Performance Li||NCM811 Batteries.

Chong Xu1, Shuang Liu1, Sai Che1

  • 1College of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Changping 102249, China.

ACS Nano
|July 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances lithium metal battery performance by improving lithium nitrate solubility using a novel "Small-Sized Carrier" strategy with vinylene carbonate. This boosts electrolyte stability and extends battery life for high-energy applications.

Keywords:
LiNO3 solubilityinterface engineeringlithium metal batteriessolvent-structured regulationsteric hindrance effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • High-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) require stable electrolytes.
  • Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is a promising additive but suffers from poor solubility and dissociation in carbonate electrolytes.
  • Limited LiNO3 solubility hinders its practical application in advanced battery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for enhancing lithium nitrate solubility in carbonate electrolytes.
  • To improve the stability of electrode-electrolyte interfaces in Li||NCM811 batteries.
  • To optimize electrolyte solvation structure for better electrochemical performance.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a "Small-Sized Carrier" strategy using vinylene carbonate (VC) to enhance LiNO3 solubility.
  • Investigated the modulation of intermolecular interactions within the electrolyte solvent system.
  • Evaluated the impact of the additive system on electrode-electrolyte interface stability and solvation structure.

Main Results:

  • Successfully enhanced LiNO3 solubility in carbonate solvents without compromising lithium metal anode compatibility.
  • The developed electrolyte demonstrated improved electrode-electrolyte interface stability.
  • Li||NCM811 batteries exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, retaining 83.8% capacity after 600 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The "Small-Sized Carrier" strategy effectively addresses LiNO3 solubility challenges in carbonate electrolytes.
  • This approach offers a viable method for designing advanced electrolytes for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.
  • The findings provide insights into tailoring electrolyte properties for improved battery stability and longevity.