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Mortality Associated with Orofacial Clefts in Brazil
Amanda de Andrade Costa1, Hildeth Maisa Torres Farias2, Daniella Reis B Martelli1
1Primary Care/Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Montes Claros Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil.
Dentistry Journal
|July 25, 2025
Summary
Mortality from orofacial clefts in Brazil declined for decades, but increased recently. This highlights the need to address preventable deaths and improve pediatric care for infants with craniofacial anomalies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Orofacial clefts are congenital anomalies associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Understanding temporal and geographic mortality trends is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate temporal and geographic trends in mortality among Brazilian individuals with orofacial clefts.
- To identify associated causes of death and factors influencing mortality rates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) from 1996 to 2023.
- Analysis of death certificates listing orofacial clefts as the underlying cause of death.
Main Results:
- 987 deaths related to orofacial clefts were registered, with 880 in infants under one year.
- Mortality rates declined from 1996-2019, then increased from 2020-2023, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic impacts.
- Respiratory and cardiovascular disorders were primary associated causes of death; infant mortality rates showed greater variability.
Conclusions:
- A decades-long decline in orofacial cleft deaths in Brazil was observed, emphasizing the need to address preventable causes like respiratory infections and malnutrition.
- High infant mortality, especially in neonates, indicates a critical shortage of pediatricians impacting care for craniofacial anomalies.
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