Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Incidence and Short- to Intermediate-Term Oncological Outcomes of Pathological T0 Prostate Cancer After Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan (MSUG94 Group).

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026
Same author

A Multiresolution Breast Cancer CIBERSORTx Resource Validated for Accuracy, Interpretive Limits, and Biological and Clinical Coherence in Tumor Microenvironment Deconvolution.

Methods and protocols·2026
Same author

Outcomes of Mini-Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery in the Geriatric Population: A Matched-Pair Analysis.

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association·2026
Same author

A simplified two-dimensional culture system supports meiotic progression during mouse spermatogenesis in vitro.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Prognostic Factors of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Among Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Who Underwent Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in a Retrospective Multicenter Japanese Cohort (MSUG94).

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association·2026
Same author

Metastasis-Free Survival in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence After Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan (MSUG94 Group).

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Identification, Histological Characterization, and Dissection of Mouse Prostate Lobes for In Vitro 3D Spheroid Culture Models
08:43

Identification, Histological Characterization, and Dissection of Mouse Prostate Lobes for In Vitro 3D Spheroid Culture Models

Published on: September 18, 2018

20.8K

Unique Biological Characteristics of Patients with High Gleason Score and Localized/Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer

Shiori Miyachi1, Masanori Oshi2, Takeshi Sasaki1

  • 1Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|July 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High Gleason score (GS) in prostate cancer (PCa) correlates with increased cell proliferation, immune cell infiltration, and higher mutation rates. These biological features suggest potentially more aggressive cancer and worse clinical outcomes.

Keywords:
GSVAGleason scoregene expressionprostate cancerxCell

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Prostate Cancer Research Through Improved Tissue Sampling and Biobanking
07:34

Author Spotlight: Advancing Prostate Cancer Research Through Improved Tissue Sampling and Biobanking

Published on: November 17, 2023

788
Detection and Isolation of Cancer in Prostate Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Artificial Intelligence
08:05

Detection and Isolation of Cancer in Prostate Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Artificial Intelligence

Published on: June 10, 2025

670

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Identification, Histological Characterization, and Dissection of Mouse Prostate Lobes for In Vitro 3D Spheroid Culture Models
08:43

Identification, Histological Characterization, and Dissection of Mouse Prostate Lobes for In Vitro 3D Spheroid Culture Models

Published on: September 18, 2018

20.8K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Prostate Cancer Research Through Improved Tissue Sampling and Biobanking
07:34

Author Spotlight: Advancing Prostate Cancer Research Through Improved Tissue Sampling and Biobanking

Published on: November 17, 2023

788
Detection and Isolation of Cancer in Prostate Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Artificial Intelligence
08:05

Detection and Isolation of Cancer in Prostate Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Artificial Intelligence

Published on: June 10, 2025

670

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gleason score (GS) is a key predictor of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness.
  • The underlying biological characteristics associated with different GS levels require further elucidation.
  • Understanding these features is crucial for predicting PCa progression and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological features of localized/locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa).
  • To stratify PCa based on in silico Gleason score (GS) analysis.
  • To correlate GS with cellular proliferation, immune cell infiltration, and genomic instability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized gene set variation analysis and the xCell algorithm on mRNA expression data.
  • Analyzed two independent cohorts: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE116918.
  • Correlated Gleason score (GS) with gene set activity and immune cell infiltration levels.

Main Results:

  • Gleason score (GS) positively correlated with cell proliferation gene sets (e.g., E2F targets, G2M checkpoint) in both cohorts.
  • GS levels were associated with increased immune cell infiltration (e.g., CD4+ T cells, M1 macrophages) in both cohorts.
  • In the TCGA cohort, higher GS correlated with homologous recombination defects, intratumor heterogeneity, and increased mutation rates.

Conclusions:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) with higher Gleason scores exhibits increased cancer cell proliferation.
  • Elevated immune cell infiltration and higher mutation rates are associated with high Gleason scores.
  • These biological characteristics suggest that high Gleason score (GS) prostate cancer may have worse clinical outcomes.