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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Dynamic Reconstruction of Ni/In₂O₃/ZrO₂ Catalyst in Reverse Water-Gas Conversion Reaction.

Tingting Wang¹, Chan Wu¹, Hui Yue¹

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China.

|July 25, 2025

Summary

Indium oxide (In2O3) is the main active site for CO2 conversion, with nickel (Ni) enhancing performance by forming a NiInOx complex. This ternary catalyst shows improved CO yield in the reverse water-gas shift reaction.

Keywords:

In2O3 density functional theory dynamic reconstructions reverse water‐gas conversions strong metal‐support interactions

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Area of Science:

Catalysis
Materials Science
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Catalyst reconfiguration impacts performance, but reaction mechanisms are often unclear.
Understanding in situ catalyst evolution is crucial for optimizing catalytic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in situ structural evolution and reaction mechanism of ternary Ni/In2O3/ZrO2 catalysts.
To elucidate the roles of indium oxide and nickel in the reverse water-gas shift reaction.

Main Methods:

Two-step catalyst preparation method.
In situ reaction atmosphere studies (CO2/H2).
Ab initio molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations.

Main Results:

In situ, In2O3 disperses on ZrO2, partially reduces, and migrates to form NiInOx complex structures.
Indium oxide acts as the primary active site, while Ni enhances metal-support interactions and intermediate formation.
Calculations confirm In2O3 dynamic reconstruction on ZrO2 and preferential CO2 adsorption on In2O3.

Conclusions:

The Ni/In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst exhibits enhanced CO yield due to synergistic effects between Ni and In2O3.
In situ structural dynamics and electronic interactions are key to the catalyst's superior performance in CO2 conversion.