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Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

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The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can...
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Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation01:01

Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation

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The fragmentation patterns observed for compounds such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides in the mass spectra include ⍺-cleavage and McLafferty rearrangement. Fragmentation by ⍺-cleavage preferentially occurs at the carbon-carbon bond at the ⍺-position next to the carboxylic group to generate a neutral radical and a cation. Long chain compounds with hydrogen at their γ-carbon undergo McLafferty rearrangement to give a radical cation and a neutral alkene.
For example,...
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

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Selective Functionalization of Peptides with Reactive Fragment Ions.

Sebastian Kawa1, Kay Antonio Behrend1, Harald Knorke1

  • 1Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|July 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate selective peptide modification using inorganic fragment ions. Highly reactive ions bind to specific peptide sites, enabling controlled bioconjugate formation for novel applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Mass spectrometry
  • Inorganic chemistry
  • Peptide chemistry

Background:

  • Selective modification of peptides is crucial for bioconjugate development.
  • Gas-phase inorganic fragment ions offer unique reactivity for chemical synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate selective binding of inorganic fragment ions to peptides.
  • To control bioconjugate formation using mass-selected deposition.
  • To characterize the reaction products and mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of closo-dodecaborate fragment ions ([B12I11]- and [B12I8S(CN)]-) via collision-induced dissociation.
  • Sequential mass-selected deposition of ions onto dipeptides (leucyl proline, phenylalanyl proline, tyrosyl proline).
  • Structural characterization of products using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and deuterium labeling.

Main Results:

  • The highly reactive [B12I11]- ion selectively binds to hydrophobic N-terminal side chains, forming non-thermochemically preferred isomers.
  • The less reactive [B12I8S(CN)]- ion reacts with polar functional groups, yielding primarily thermochemically preferred products.
  • Demonstrated control over bioconjugate formation through selective ion-peptide interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Gas-phase inorganic fragment ions can serve as unconventional building blocks for selective bioconjugation.
  • Reaction selectivity is influenced by ion reactivity and peptide functional groups.
  • This approach enables controlled synthesis of novel peptide-based materials.