Exploring boundaries with food, substances, and people in substance use recovery: A qualitative analysis

In the United States, over 47 million youth and adults live with a substance use disorder (SUD). These individuals are frequently malnourished and have metabolic dysregulation as a result. Nutrition interventions incorporating a mindfulness-based approach help recovery efforts that are physical and mental.

The objective of this study was to explore and analyze the perspectives and experiences of individuals with SUD regarding emotional regulation and nutrition. The study used a mixed methods approach to generate insights for improving recovery support and developing future interventions.

In 2024, an exploratory mixed methods study was conducted based on a large group discussion with individuals in SUD recovery. Questions were semi-structured, and interactive poll questions were asked. The audio was transcribed and thematically analyzed using artificial intelligence (Chat GPT-4) and human researchers. Validation was achieved through researcher triangulation, clear theme descriptions, and thick descriptions.

Thirty-eight individuals with SUD participated. Five themes emerged, including: 1. Healthy coping; 2. Creating boundaries; 3. Emotional eating; 4. Navigating growth; and 5. Developing a support system. A majority (90.0 %) of participants responded that they needed help forming clear boundaries with family and friends, and 90.0 % of respondents reported feeling more at ease sharing when others also shared in the group.

Individuals with SUD experienced emotional eating and addiction transfer. Substances and food were used to cope with a loss of control and relationship challenges. Interventions incorporating mindfulness-based components may support physical and psychological needs during recovery.