Robust and efficient MS@CTFs for simultaneous removal of enrofloxacin and cationic dye

A novel adsorbent named as MS@CTFs, was successfully synthesized through the Schiff base reaction by immobilizing a covalent triazine framework (CTF) constructed from 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and trimethylformyl resorcinol (TP) onto a melamine sponge (MS) substrate. The innovative design integrated robust triazine-based CTF with an easy-to-use melamine sponge, simplifying the sample preparation procedure and also enhancing the adsorption performance. After optimizing the adsorption parameters, the MS@CTFs demonstrated robust adsorption for enrofloxacin (ENR) from milk matrices, the adsorption capacity was 155.3 mg g^-1. the LOD and LOQ were determined to be 0.032 μg mL^-1 and 0.107 μg mL^-1, respectively. Assessments conducted via GAPI, Complex GAPI, AGREE, and AGREEprep evaluation frameworks validated the method's outstanding environmental sustainability and operational feasibility with AGREE score of 0.67, AGREEprep score of 0.66. Furthermore, the MS@CTFs exhibited highly selective affinity towards cationic dyes. This study underscores the potential of the MS@CTFs as a selective adsorbent with nearly 100 % removal efficiency for the removal of ENR and cationic dyes from aqueous environments, contributing to advancements in milk and water treatment technologies.