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Robotic and computer-assisted techniques in ear surgery.

Takeshi Fujita1, Taku Ito2, Masaya Uchida3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.

Auris, Nasus, Larynx
|July 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Robotic systems enhance ear surgery precision for delicate procedures like cochlear implants, minimizing trauma. Emerging technologies like AR, VR, and AI promise further advancements, though cost and regulation remain challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Medical Robotics
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • The middle and inner ear present a challenging surgical environment due to their delicate and restricted nature.
  • Robotic and computer-assisted systems offer potential solutions to overcome these intrinsic surgical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in robotic platforms for ear surgery.
  • To highlight clinical outcomes and emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI) in otologic procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on robotic systems in ear surgery.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes from studies using systems like HEARO, iotaSoft, and RobOtol.
  • Examination of emerging technologies (AR, VR, AI) and their applications in otologic surgery.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceAugmented realityCochlear implantationRobotic ear surgeryVirtual reality

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Main Results:

  • Robotic devices aid or automate tasks such as mastoid drilling and cochlear implant (CI) electrode insertion with sub-millimeter accuracy.
  • Studies show potential for reduced trauma, fewer complications, and improved hearing preservation with robotic CI insertion.
  • AR/VR navigation enhances visualization, while AI improves instrument tracking and real-time monitoring, increasing safety and precision.
  • VR simulation accelerates surgical training and reduces learning curves.

Conclusions:

  • Robotic and computer-assisted systems show promise for improving precision and outcomes in ear surgery.
  • Despite early clinical adoption and regulatory approvals, significant barriers including cost and validation remain.
  • Further large-scale trials are needed to compare robotic versus conventional approaches for auditory outcomes and complication rates.