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Novel nanostructured RegeSi bioactive glass for early enamel caries remineralization: Multi-dimensional evaluation
Maohua Yang1, Jingxin Zhang1, Shuangshan Deng1
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Objective:
To comprehensively evaluate the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of novel nanostructured RegeSi bioactive glass in promoting early enamel caries remineralization through a multi-dimensional characterization system, and to analyze its molecular mechanism.
Materials And Methods:
Sixty bovine incisor enamel samples were randomly divided into six groups: sound enamel, deionized water, 2 % NaF, 10 % CPP-ACP, 6 % BAG 45S5, and 6 % RegeSi groups. Early enamel caries was established using a pH-cycling model followed by 14 days of remineralization treatment. The structure and properties of the remineralized layer were characterized through multiple dimensions using microscopic morphological analysis, elemental composition analysis, crystalline structure analysis, three-dimensional imaging, and nanomechanical testing systems.
Results:
The RegeSi group formed a highly regular remineralized layer with a Ca/P molar ratio (1.76 ± 0.11) closest to natural HA. Its nanohardness recovery rate (55.97 ± 8.57 %) and elastic modulus recovery rate (60.97 ± 7.46 %) were significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05). Nanotribological analysis revealed that the RegeSi group exhibited minimal scratch deformation, shallowest depth, and lowest friction coefficient with minimal fluctuation, indicating excellent wear resistance. Micro-CT confirmed that RegeSi demonstrated significant deep-layer remineralization capability, with lesion depth reduced to 58.63 ± 5.35μm, significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
This study, for the first time, analyzed RegeSi's superior remineralization effect through a multidimensional evaluation system, demonstrating not only an ideal microstructure but also mechanical properties approaching those of natural tooth enamel. These findings provide important experimental evidence for developing novel remineralization materials and offer a new treatment option for minimally invasive treatment of early enamel caries.
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