Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025
Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
Published on: December 10, 2016
The analysis of the epidemic status and risk factors associated with different genotypes Clostridioides difficile
Yulian Zhang1, Jing Yang1, Honglian Wei2
1Hebei Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
Background:
Clostridioides difficile is the main pathogen of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous enteritis. Mixed Clostridioides difficile infection are simultaneous infection of the same host with strains of different genotypes. In recent years, many studies have shown that mixed infection of pathogens may have an impact on the disease process or host immunity. Clinical screening for Clostridioides difficile mixed infection is rarely performed, which leads to underdiagnosis of mixed infection and provides the potential for subsequent recurrence. Our study focused on the occurrence of mixed infection in clinical Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI) and the impact of underlying diseases on susceptibility to mixed infection, and exploring the link between mixed infection and disease recurrence.
Results:
A total of 274 CDI patients were enrolled between August, 2022 and September, 2023, 22(8.03%) were mixed infection. Cases review shows that ulcerative colitis(UC), especially chronic recurrent UC (OR = 3.792, 95% CI = 1.477-0.733; P = 0.006), may increase the risk of Clostridioides. difficile mixed infection, and heterogeneous resistance rate among mixed infection strains was 83.9%. Biofilm experiments show that the level of biofilm formation during mixed infection is tend to the more competent Clostridioides difficile strain.
Conclusions:
UC may increase the risk of Clostridioides difficile mixed infection. Screening for Clostridioides difficile mixed infection is essential for patients with UC combined with CDI in order to understand the transmission chain and clinical heterogeneity, and prevent the development of multi-drug resistant strains.
Insights
Clostridioides difficile mixed infections are linked to ulcerative colitis, increasing recurrence risk. Early screening in UC patients with CDI is crucial for preventing resistant strains.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a primary cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
- Mixed CDI involves simultaneous infection with different C. difficile genotypes.
- Underdiagnosis of mixed CDI contributes to recurrence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of mixed CDI in clinical settings.
- To assess the impact of underlying diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC), on mixed CDI susceptibility.
- To explore the relationship between mixed CDI and disease recurrence.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 274 CDI patients (August 2022 - September 2023).
- Case review to identify risk factors, focusing on underlying conditions.
- Biofilm formation experiments to compare mixed infection dynamics.
Main Results:
- 8.03% of CDI patients had mixed infections.
- Chronic recurrent ulcerative colitis (UC) significantly increased the risk of mixed CDI (OR=3.792, P=0.006).
- Mixed infection strains exhibited heterogeneous resistance (83.9%) and varied biofilm formation.
Conclusions:
- Ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile mixed infection.
- Screening for mixed CDI in UC patients with CDI is vital.
- Early detection aids in understanding transmission, clinical heterogeneity, and preventing multi-drug resistant strains.
More Related Videos
09:12A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
Published on: June 15, 2018
12:58A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: May 25, 2017
