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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
Published on: February 5, 2021
A Review of DNA Restriction-Free Overlapping Sequence Cloning Techniques for Synthetic Biology
Isabella Frighetto Bomfiglio1,2, Isabelli Seiler de Medeiros Mendes1,2, Diego Bonatto1,2
1Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Computacional, Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Abstract:
DNA cloning methods are fundamental tools in molecular biology, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering that enable precise DNA manipulation for various scientific and biotechnological applications. This review systematically summarizes the major restriction-free overlapping sequence cloning (RFOSC) techniques currently used in synthetic biology and examines their development, efficiency, practicality, and specific applications. In vitro methods, including Gibson Assembly, Circular Polymerase Extension Cloning (CPEC), Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE), Overlap Extension Cloning (OEC), Uracil DNA Glycosylase-based Cloning (UDG-Cloning), and commercially available techniques such as In-Fusion, have been discussed alongside hybrid approaches such as Ligation-Independent Cloning (LIC), Sequence-Independent Cloning (SLIC), and T5 Exonuclease-Dependent Assembly (TEDA). Additionally, in vivo methods leveraging host recombination machinery, including Yeast Homologous Recombination (YHR), In Vivo Assembly (IVA), Transformation-Associated Recombination (TAR), and innovative approaches such as Phage Enzyme-Assisted Direct Assembly (PEDA), are critically evaluated. The review highlights that method selection should consider individual research projects' scale, complexity, and specific needs, noting that no single technique is universally optimal. Future trends suggest the increased integration of enzymatic efficiency, host versatility, and automation, broadening the accessibility and capabilities of DNA assembly technologies.
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