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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

$In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries$

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Published on: November 10, 2014

Dual-gradient metal layer for practicalizing high-energy lithium batteries.

Mengyu Tian^1,2, Ronghan Qiao², Guanjun Cen²

¹Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.

Nature Communications

|July 27, 2025

Summary

A dual-gradient metal layer effectively mitigates lithium loss in high-energy batteries, improving lithium metal battery performance and longevity for electric transportation.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

High-energy nickel-rich cathodes paired with current collectors as anodes boost lithium-ion battery specific energy.
Limited active lithium inventory in cathodes is consumed by irreversible lithium plating/stripping and side reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To mitigate active lithium loss in high-energy batteries.
To promote uniform lithium deposition and stable solid electrolyte interphase formation.
To develop initially active material-free anode-based lithium metal batteries.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical and chemical techniques to differentiate lithium inventory loss.
Material characterization methods to analyze plated lithium and interfacial composition/morphology.
Fabrication and testing of dual-gradient metal layer-based pouch cells.

Main Results:

Dual-gradient metal layer effectively mitigates active lithium loss.
Achieved areal capacity of 7.25 mAh cm⁻² in LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂||Cu pouch cells.
Demonstrated 80% capacity retention over 160 cycles.

Conclusions:

The dual-gradient metal layer approach promotes uniform lithium deposition and stable solid electrolyte interphase formation.
This strategy is compatible with various metal materials, paving the way for next-generation lithium metal batteries.
Offers a promising path toward long-lasting, high-energy, initially active material-free anode-based lithium metal batteries.