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Related Concept Videos

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....
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Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes02:14

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The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
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Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

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Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
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Otto and Diesel Cycle01:27

Otto and Diesel Cycle

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An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston is moved completely down so that the cylinder is at maximum volume. By moving the piston up, adiabatic compression takes place. The spark plug ignites the gasoline-air mixture, and the burning fuel adds heat to the system at a constant volume. The heated mixture expands adiabatically and gets further cooled by exhausting heat, and this cyclic...
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Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration02:35

Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration

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Overview
Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration.
Preparation of Ethers by Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Alcohol to Alkenes
The acid-catalyzed addition of alcohol to an alkene involves treating the alkene with an excess of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ether under suitable conditions. The hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon so that the nucleophile can attack the more...
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Engineering
  7. Environmental Engineering
  9. Air Pollution Modelling And Control
  11. Impact Of Ethanol-gasoline Implementation On Regulated And Unregulated Emissions From Euro 3-5 Standard Vehicles Over The Wltp Driving Cycle.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Engineering
  7. Environmental Engineering
  9. Air Pollution Modelling And Control
  11. Impact Of Ethanol-gasoline Implementation On Regulated And Unregulated Emissions From Euro 3-5 Standard Vehicles Over The Wltp Driving Cycle.

Related Experiment Video

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
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Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe

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Impact of ethanol-gasoline implementation on regulated and unregulated emissions from Euro 3-5 standard vehicles over the WLTP driving cycle.

Syu-Ruei Jhang1,2, Guor-Cheng Fang3, Way Lee Cheng4

  • 1Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|July 27, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding bioethanol to gasoline significantly reduced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone-forming potential (OFP) from vehicle emissions, especially in newer Euro 5 vehicles. These findings support cleaner air strategies.

Keywords:
Gasoline/bioethanol blendsOFPRegulated pollutantsTailpipe emissions

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Related Experiment Videos

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
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Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media
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Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System
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Published on: May 22, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Air Quality Research

Background:

  • Tailpipe emissions are a major global air quality concern.
  • Comprehensive data on volatile organic compound (VOC) and regulated pollutant emissions from mobile sources, particularly with alternative fuels, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of gasoline/bioethanol blends (E3 and E10) on VOC and regulated pollutant emissions from Euro 3-5 vehicles.
  • To assess the real-world driving emissions using the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP).

Main Methods:

  • Tested three in-use vehicles (Euro 3-5 standards) using gasoline/bioethanol blends (E3, E10) and pure gasoline (G0).
  • Emissions were measured under the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) driving cycle.
VOCs
WLTP
  • Analyzed specific VOCs (benzene, toluene, xylene) and calculated Ozone Formation Potential (OFP).

    • Main Results:

    • The Euro 5 vehicle showed the lowest emissions, consistent with its standard.
    • Significant reductions in VOCs were observed for both E3 and E10 blends.
    • Benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions decreased substantially with ethanol blends, particularly for E10.
    • Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) reduced by 43.3% for Euro 4 and 13.4% for Euro 5 vehicles compared to G0.

    Conclusions:

    • Gasoline/bioethanol blends effectively reduce harmful VOCs and OFP from vehicle tailpipe emissions.
    • Euro 5 vehicles demonstrate superior emission control, especially when using ethanol blends.
    • Findings provide crucial data for policymakers aiming to mitigate the health impacts of vehicle emissions.