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An extended Chinese social evaluative word list.

Lulu Li1,2, Qingrong Chen3,4, Hu Chuan-Peng5,6

  • 1School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Gulou District, No. 122 Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, China.

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|July 27, 2025
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Summary

This study developed an extensive Chinese social evaluation word list, expanding beyond the big-two model. The new list includes 1,040 words across five dimensions, aiding social science research.

Keywords:
AppearanceCompetenceMoralitySociabilitySocial evaluationSocioeconomic statusWord list

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Sociology
  • Computational Social Science

Background:

  • Social evaluation is fundamental to human interaction and language.
  • Existing Chinese social evaluative word lists are limited, primarily based on the big-two model (agency and warmth).
  • A need exists for a more comprehensive and nuanced set of social evaluative terms in Chinese.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an extended, standardized Chinese word list for social evaluation.
  • To cover a broader range of social evaluative dimensions beyond agency and warmth.
  • To provide a valuable resource for researchers across multiple social science disciplines.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale survey (n=1,270) was conducted using 1,908 potential social evaluative words.
  • Participants rated words on five extended dimensions: appearance, socioeconomic status, sociability, competence, and morality, and their positivity/negativity.
  • Words were selected based on their dominant association with one of the five dimensions.

Main Results:

  • A final word list of 1,040 Chinese social evaluative words was created.
  • The list is categorized across five dimensions: appearance (245 words), socioeconomic status (108), sociability (93), competence (261), and morality (333).
  • Each category includes a breakdown of positive, neutral, and negative terms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed word list offers a significant expansion of available Chinese social evaluative terms.
  • This resource will facilitate more nuanced research in social psychology, linguistics, sociology, and computational social science.
  • The extended dimensions provide a richer framework for understanding social perception in Chinese contexts.