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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.1K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
14.1K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.6K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.6K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.5K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.1K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.1K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.5K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.5K
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

5.7K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
5.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
07:08

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Published on: September 23, 2011

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The histone crosstalk code in plants: Deciphering epigenetic complexity.

Koki Nakamura1, Nobutoshi Yamaguchi1, Toshiro Ito1

  • 1Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|July 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant histone modifications (HMs) are not isolated signals but interact dynamically. Combinatorial regulation of HMs and other epigenetic factors controls gene expression and plant development.

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
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Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Histone modifications (HMs) traditionally viewed as independent regulators of plant chromatin and gene expression.
  • Recent advances reveal complex interplay between HMs, DNA methylation, histone variants, and RNA modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on crosstalk between histone modifications and other regulatory layers in plants.
  • To highlight how combinatorial chromatin regulation impacts transcriptional control and epigenetic responsiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Epigenome profiling
  • Genome editing
  • Proteomics
  • Literature review of Arabidopsis thaliana studies

Main Results:

  • Histone marks function in hierarchical, cooperative, and antagonistic relationships.
  • H3K4 and H3K36 methylation act as key hubs integrating developmental and environmental signals.
  • Crosstalk between HMs and other epigenetic marks creates a complex regulatory network.

Conclusions:

  • Plant chromatin regulation relies on a network of interdependent histone modifications, not isolated signals.
  • Understanding combinatorial chromatin regulation is crucial for deciphering plant transcriptional control and epigenetic plasticity.