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Construction and application of a quantitative model for calculating LNAPL lateral migration in the capillary zone
Rui Zuo1, Ziyi Wu1, Jiawei Liu1
1College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
None:
After entering the capillary zone from the surface, light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) is retarded by the capillary zone and migrates laterally, expanding the scope of pollution. A quantitative model coupling migration velocity and concentration change was developed to calculate the lateral migration distance of LNAPL. The results of 2D sand tank experiments revealed that LNAPL migration was partitioned into the LNAPL initial diffusion zone, front expansion zone, front mutation zone and lateral expansion zone. Functions v=b×ta and VC=d×ln(t)+e were fitted to describe the LNAPL migration velocity (v) and the LNAPL concentration change rate (VC) over time (t). Among these, coefficients a and d were the key control parameters and were related to the key environmental factors xi (θ, EC, pH, and ORP), as follows: a=∑sin(αi×xi) and d=∑βi×sin(γi×xi), respectively. Then, the LNAPL lateral migration distance model (LNAPL-LMDM) was developed. LNAPL-LMDM was applied to the simulated actual 3D experimental conditions, and the lateral migration ranges of LNAPL in four characteristic zones were calculated as 70.16-86.84, 84.63-107.24, 75.51-86.28 and 164.53-246.59 cm, respectively. The LNAPL migration distance can be estimated effectively under conditions characterized by large spatial scales and limited sampling data, where frequent or extensive sampling is impractical. This capability offers a valuable technical foundation for identifying LNAPL contamination extents and quantifying pollutant loads for remediation planning.
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