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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera
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Biofluorescence imaging as a valid alternative for dental calculus detection.

Sun-Young Lee1, Hyung-Suk Lee2, Eun-Song Lee2

  • 1Department of Dental Hygiene, Sahmyook Health University, Seoul, , Republic of Korea.

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Summary

Quantitative biofluorescence imaging (BFI) significantly improves dental calculus detection compared to white-light imaging (WLI). This advanced method offers higher sensitivity and specificity for identifying calculus, aiding in periodontal disease management.

Keywords:
Biofluorescence imagingCalculus detectionColor differenceDental calculusRed biofluorescence

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Area of Science:

  • Dental diagnostics
  • Periodontology
  • Biophotonics

Background:

  • Dental calculus is a primary cause of periodontal disease.
  • Accurate detection of dental calculus is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Conventional methods include visual-tactile examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the detectability of dental calculus using quantitative biofluorescence imaging (BFI).
  • To compare the diagnostic accuracy of BFI with white-light imaging (WLI) and visual-tactile (VT) examination.
  • To assess BFI's ability to quantify calculus accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Ten adults underwent examination of 285 tooth surfaces.
  • Sites were imaged using WLI and BFI with a specialized intraoral camera.
  • Visual-tactile examination served as the reference standard; color difference (ΔE) and red biofluorescence intensity (ΔR) were measured.

Main Results:

  • BFI demonstrated significantly higher ΔE values than WLI, correlating with calculus severity.
  • Red biofluorescence intensity (ΔR) increased with calculus accumulation.
  • Combined WLI + BFI improved sensitivity (0.84 vs. 0.61) and specificity (1.00 vs. 0.91) compared to WLI alone.

Conclusions:

  • Biofluorescence imaging provides more distinct detection of dental calculus than WLI.
  • BFI enhances diagnostic accuracy by enabling quantitative assessment of calculus.
  • This technology holds promise for improved diagnosis and management of periodontal disease.