Anxiety in Brazilian dogs: Typical behaviors, anxiety-inducing situations, and sociodemographic factors

Canine anxiety is related to genetic and environmental factors and can significantly impact the wellbeing of both dogs and their guardians. This survey-based study investigated the characteristics of dogs, their environments and routines, as well as the sociodemographic profiles of guardians, alongside the situations that elicit anxiety and the associated behaviors in Brazilian dogs. Data were collected from 795 dogs based on guardian responses to a demographic questionnaire and a culturally and linguistically adapted version of the Lincoln Canine Anxiety Scale for use in Brazil, designed to assess anxious behaviors across various contexts. Results showed that Hearing fireworks and Being left alone were the most frequently reported anxiety-inducing situations, identified by 27.5 % and 20.2 % of participants, respectively. The most frequently reported behaviors were "Alertness" and "Barking, whining, or howling," whereas "Self-harm" and "Chasing tail" were the least reported. Respondents indicated higher anxiety scores for neutered dogs and those adopted from shelters. In contrast, more frequent walks were also associated with lower reported anxiety. Lower anxiety levels were reported for dogs owned by older individuals, male respondents, and those who were married or in stable relationships. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual dog characteristics, daily routines, and guardian demographics when developing strategies for managing and addressing canine anxiety.