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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

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Advanced Laboratory Assessments in Caries Mineralization Research: A Review.

Y Fu¹, F Nudelman², Y Zhang¹

¹Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Journal of Dental Research

|July 28, 2025

Summary

Advanced analytical techniques reveal micro- and nano-scale changes in early dental caries. Understanding these methods is key for developing better caries management and treatments.

Keywords:

cariology computed tomography demineralization nanoindentation remineralization tooth decay

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Area of Science:

Dental research
Cariology
Materials science

Background:

Dental caries involves dynamic demineralization and remineralization processes.
Early detection of micro- and nano-scale changes is crucial for effective caries management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review sophisticated analytical techniques for studying early dental caries lesions.
To provide guidance on selecting and applying these methods in research.

Main Methods:

Nanoindentation
Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT)
Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Atom probe tomography (APT)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Main Results:

These high-resolution techniques offer sensitive analytics for micro- and nano-scale changes in individual caries lesions.
They enable detailed assessment of mechanical properties, mineral density, chemical composition, and morphology.
In vivo validation correlates noninvasive imaging with clinical caries progression and mineral density changes.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of these advanced techniques is essential for accurate data interpretation and appropriate method selection.
This knowledge aids in optimizing caries management strategies and developing novel therapeutic interventions.