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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

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The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

9.0K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
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Moiré-Induced Enhanced Hydrogen Adsorption on Graphene.

Daniel Arribas1, Adrián Sáez-Coronado1, Borja Cirera1

  • 1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Moiré superstructures enhance graphene

Keywords:
graphenehydrogenmoiré physicsscanning tunneling microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Moiré superstructures create periodic patterns on graphene surfaces.
  • These patterns can alter the local reactivity of graphene.
  • Quantitative studies on moiré pattern effects are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how moiré-induced corrugation affects graphene's reactivity towards hydrogenation.
  • To quantify the influence of different moiré patterns on chemical processes.

Main Methods:

  • Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of hydrogen chemisorption.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogen adsorption is more efficient on moiré patterns than on flat graphene.
  • Adsorption shows selectivity towards protruding areas of the moiré pattern.
  • Increased corrugation enhances hydrogenation efficiency and hydrogen residence time.

Conclusions:

  • Moiré superstructures offer a route to spatially functionalize graphene surfaces.
  • Topographical features of moiré patterns dictate hydrogenation efficiency and stability.
  • This study provides quantitative insights into moiré-patterned graphene reactivity.