Engineering of tissue in microphysiological systems demonstrated by modelling skeletal muscle

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cell Biology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Traditional in vitro models inadequately replicate skeletal muscle complexity.
• Insufficient reconstruction of the muscle microenvironment limits understanding of myogenesis.
• Physical cues and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are critical for muscle cell activity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advancements in creating functional skeletal muscle in vitro.
• To highlight microphysiological systems and innovative interventions for skeletal muscle modeling.
• To discuss the potential of these advanced models for disease research and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

• Review of organoids and muscle-on-a-chip technologies.
• Analysis of bioprinting and electrical stimulation techniques.
• Focus on reconstructing the muscle tissue microenvironment.

Main Results:

• New models effectively restore functional skeletal muscle tissue in vitro.
• Advanced systems provide comprehensive, multi-scale data on muscle physiology.
• Improved precision in studying physiological and biochemical cues affecting muscle.

Conclusions:

• Organoids and muscle-on-a-chip represent significant progress in skeletal muscle modeling.
• These technologies enhance research into myogenesis, regeneration, and disease.
• Emerging applications include drug screening, disease modeling, and artificial tissue development.