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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

191
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Multiple Pipe Systems01:21

Multiple Pipe Systems

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Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
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States of Water01:23

States of Water

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Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

224
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Construction of a Low-cost Mobile Incubator for Field and Laboratory Use
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Water, Health, and Social Technologies: One Million Cisterns Programme Case Study.

José Firmino de Sousa Filho1, Walisson Angélico de Araújo2, Mariana Sebastião3

  • 1Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS -Fiocruz, BA), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

Annals of Global Health
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change adaptation tools like cisterns improve health in vulnerable regions. The "One Million Cisterns Program" (P1MC) in Brazil shows positive health impacts by addressing drought-related issues.

Keywords:
cisternsclimate adaptation technologyhealthsemi-arid regionswater scarcity

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science and public health research.
  • Climate change adaptation and social technology.
  • Ecosystem health and human well-being.

Background:

  • Climate change significantly impacts vulnerable ecosystems and population health.
  • The semi-arid region of Brazil serves as a case study for climate adaptation.
  • Cisterns, a low-cost technology, mitigate drought's health effects, especially in rural areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the health impacts of the "One Million Cisterns Program" (P1MC).
  • To model interactions between climate, environment, and health using the DPSEEA framework.
  • To synthesize literature on P1MC's association with health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A multidisciplinary approach combining literature synthesis and conceptual framework development.
  • Literature search focused on P1MC and its health impact connections.
  • Utilizing the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Exposure-Effect-Action (DPSEEA) framework to model climate-health relationships.

Main Results:

  • A notable gap exists in the literature regarding P1MC and specific health outcomes.
  • Cisterns address root causes of drought-related health issues by influencing contextual factors.
  • The DPSEEA framework facilitates inter-sectoral collaboration for water security and health.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary framework aids in developing adaptive social technologies for climate change.
  • The framework supports exploration of environmental, social, and health perspectives.
  • Facilitates qualitative and quantitative health and well-being assessments for climate adaptation strategies.