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An acute Q fever with vessel vasculitis: case report
Shijun Guo1, Quanle Liu1, Jiaqi Yan2
1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Frontiers in Medicine
|July 28, 2025
Summary
This case highlights acute Q fever (QF) in a patient with persistent fever. Early diagnosis and treatment of QF with vasculitis are crucial for patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Radiology
Background:
- Q fever (QF) is a rare zoonotic disease.
- Complications like vasculitis are uncommon but severe.
- This case details acute QF with vasculitis.
Observation:
- A patient presented with recurrent fever, elevated inflammatory markers, and initially inconclusive tests.
- Metagenomic sequencing suggested Coxiella species, prompting suspicion for QF.
- PET/CT revealed vasculitis in major arteries, including the aorta and carotid arteries.
Findings:
- Despite initial antibiotic treatment, fever persisted.
- Positive autoimmune markers initially complicated the diagnosis.
- Methylprednisolone treatment led to fever resolution and negative autoimmune markers.
Implications:
- Early recognition and improved diagnostic techniques for QF are needed.
- Timely treatment and vaccination are essential for managing QF.
- This case underscores the importance of considering QF in febrile illnesses with vasculitis.
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