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Pre-stretching polyurethane/lignin elastomers significantly enhances mechanical properties. This simple method boosts tensile strength and toughness by creating dense cross-linked networks through structural orientation and stress-induced crystallization.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyurethane elastomers are versatile materials.
  • Developing robust polyurethane elastomers with enhanced mechanical properties is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Incorporating bio-based crosslinkers like lignin nanoparticles offers sustainable alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple yet effective method for designing ultra-robust polyurethane elastomers.
  • To investigate the impact of pre-stretching on the mechanical properties and microstructure of polyurethane/lignin elastomers.
  • To explore the role of lignin nanoparticles (LNP) as a biomacromolecular crosslinker.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polyurethane/lignin elastomers using polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether (DO), and LNP.
  • Application of pre-stretching to the synthesized elastomers at various ratios (λ).
  • Characterization of mechanical properties (tensile strength, toughness) and structural changes (interphase distance, crystal distance, Herman orientation factor).

Main Results:

  • Pre-stretching polyurethane/lignin elastomers at λ = 14 significantly improved mechanical properties.
  • Tensile strength increased from 32.4 MPa to 116.2 MPa, and toughness enhanced from 298.7 MJ m⁻³ to 501.3 MJ m⁻³.
  • Structural analysis revealed decreased interphase distance, increased interplanar crystal distance, and a higher Herman orientation factor, indicating dense cross-linked networks.

Conclusions:

  • A novel and simple strategy for enhancing polyurethane elastomer performance via pre-stretching has been presented.
  • The combined effects of pre-stretching on multiscale structural orientation and stress-induced crystallization are key to achieving ultra-robust properties.
  • This approach offers a promising route for developing high-performance, bio-inspired polyurethane elastomers.