Propolis-Infused Electrospun Eudragit/PVP Mats: A Novel Approach for Bioactive and Antibacterial Wound Dressings

Electrospun mats with varying ratios of Eudragit L-100 (EU) to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were fabricated and characterized. Morphological analysis (FESEM), fiber diameter distribution, porosity measurements, degradability studies, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) assessments indicated that an EU/PVP ratio of 70:30 exhibited optimal properties. Propolis (PRO), known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, was incorporated into the optimized mats at different weight percentages (5, 10, and 20 wt%). The inclusion of PRO resulted in increased fiber thickness and decreased porosity. PRO-loaded mats exhibited lower degradation rates and slightly enhanced tensile strength compared to the neat EU/PVP mats. A higher PRO content led to a reduction in WVTR, while radical scavenging activity increased to over 40%. Hemocompatibility and biocompatibility were confirmed through hemolysis tests, cell proliferation assays, cell attachment studies, and live/dead staining. Additionally, PRO-loaded mats exhibited antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The sustained release of PRO from the EU/PVP matrix further supports its potential as an effective wound dressing.