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Pregnancy and Behçet Syndrome: A Large Retrospective Italian Study
Pietro Leccese1, Nancy Lascaro1, Assunta Iuliano2
1Rheumatology Department, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza, Potenza, Italy.
Summary
Pregnancy in Behçet syndrome (BS) patients does not worsen disease symptoms or increase adverse outcomes. Careful multidisciplinary follow-up is recommended for pregnant individuals with BS due to potential risks, especially vascular involvement.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Immunology
Background:
- Behçet syndrome (BS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disorder affecting childbearing-aged individuals.
- Pregnancy can alter immunometabolic states in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases, potentially impacting disease course and outcomes.
- The relationship between Behçet syndrome and pregnancy requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Behçet syndrome flares during pregnancy.
- To evaluate pregnancy outcomes in a large cohort of Italian patients with Behçet syndrome.
- To analyze maternal and neonatal complications up to six months postpartum.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of Behçet syndrome patients (International Study Group criteria) from January 2000 to December 2021.
- Review of medical records for demographic, clinical, and pregnancy-related data, including disease flares and maternal/neonatal complications.
- Data collection encompassed maternal age, disease activity during and after pregnancy, and postpartum complications.
Main Results:
- Disease flares occurred in 16.3% of pregnancies, primarily mucocutaneous and joint manifestations.
- Postpartum flares were observed in 17.6% of cases, including anterior uveitis.
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes included miscarriage (17.6%), preterm delivery (12.4%), pre-eclampsia (3.9%), and eclampsia (1.3%); no neonatal complications or deaths were reported.
Conclusions:
- Behçet syndrome clinical symptoms do not appear to worsen during pregnancy.
- Pregnancy in BS patients is not associated with increased gestational complications or adverse maternal-fetal outcomes.
- Multidisciplinary pregnancy follow-up is crucial for managing potential adverse events, particularly vascular involvement.
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