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Copper speciation in dairy cattle with different productivity levels.

S V Notova1, S V Lebedev1, E A Sizova1

  • 1Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russian Federation.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated copper speciation in dairy cows, finding that highly productive animals have higher copper levels. Copper distribution shifts in blood serum fractions with increasing total copper, correlating with milk yield.

Keywords:
CopperDairy cowsProductivity levelSpeciation analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Animal Nutrition
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Limited research exists on trace element speciation in farm animals, particularly cattle.
  • Understanding copper metabolism is crucial for dairy cow health and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze copper speciation in the blood serum of Red Steppe dairy cows.
  • To investigate the relationship between copper distribution and milk yield.

Main Methods:

  • Blood serum samples were collected from 90 Red Steppe cows, categorized by milk yield (low vs. high productivity).
  • Speciation analysis was performed to identify and quantify copper-binding fractions (transcuprein, ceruloplasmin, albumin, low-molecular forms).
  • Statistical analysis correlated copper levels and fractions with average daily milk yield.

Main Results:

  • Highly productive cows showed higher serum phosphorus and copper, and lower potassium levels compared to low-productive cows.
  • Four copper fractions were identified: transcuprein, ceruloplasmin, albumin, and low-molecular forms, with albumin and ceruloplasmin dominating (approx. 90%).
  • A shift in copper fraction dominance (ceruloplasmin over albumin, transcuprein over low-molecular) occurred as total copper exceeded 900 μg/L.
  • Positive correlation found between total copper, ceruloplasmin, and average daily milk yield (r=0.47, p<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Copper redistribution in dairy cows is linked to productivity levels.
  • Speciation analysis provides insights into microelement status and potential prediction of productive qualities in cattle.
  • Findings contribute to a better understanding of copper metabolism in high-yielding dairy breeds.