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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Artificial intelligence-driven pathomics in hepatocellular carcinoma: current developments, challenges and

Wei Ding1, Jinxing Zhang2, Zhicheng Jin3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) pathomics offers new ways to analyze liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) images for better diagnosis and treatment. Challenges like data issues and lack of standards must be overcome for widespread clinical use.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceChallengeDiagnosisHepatocellular carcinomaPathological foundation modelPathomicsPrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Digital Pathology
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly cancer with complex causes and diverse characteristics, making diagnosis and treatment difficult.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a powerful tool for precision oncology, offering new approaches to cancer care.
  • Digital pathology and AI-driven pathomics can extract quantitative data from histopathological images for HCC analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of AI-based pathomics in improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To discuss the role of pathological foundation models in developing specialized pathomics tools for HCC.
  • To identify challenges and future directions for the clinical implementation of pathomics in HCC management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing AI to analyze whole-slide histopathological images for quantitative data extraction (pathomics).
  • Leveraging emerging pathological foundation models to build specialized pathomics models for HCC.
  • Reviewing current research and identifying barriers to clinical adoption.

Main Results:

  • Pathomics enables quantitative analysis of histopathological images, holding promise for HCC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
  • Foundation models provide a framework for developing tailored pathomics solutions for HCC.
  • Significant challenges impede clinical implementation, including data heterogeneity, interpretability, ethics, regulations, and lack of standardization.

Conclusions:

  • AI-powered pathomics presents a transformative potential for personalized HCC treatment.
  • Overcoming challenges related to data, interpretability, ethics, regulation, and standardization is crucial for clinical translation.
  • Future research should focus on multi-center studies, multi-modal data integration, and establishing industry standards for pathomics in HCC.