Single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals transcriptome differences of different cells between eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Ying Jin ¹, Yuanshan Liang ¹, Zhijun Wang ¹

⁰Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.

Plos One +

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July 28, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This study reveals distinct cellular and molecular differences between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. These findings offer new insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for CRS.

Area Of Science

Immunology
Genomics
Cell Biology

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory condition with poorly understood pathogenesis.
CRSwNP is broadly classified into eosinophilic (eCRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic (neCRSwNP) phenotypes.

Purpose Of The Study

To investigate the mechanistic distinctions between eCRSwNP and neCRSwNP.
To leverage bioinformatics to analyze single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Main Methods

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of healthy controls and CRSwNP patients (eCRSwNP and neCRSwNP).
Differential gene expression analysis to identify cell clusters and pathways.
Functional enrichment and metabolic profile analysis of epithelial and immune cells.

Main Results

Identified 14 distinct cell clusters with significant differences in cell prevalence (e.g., glandular cells, fibroblasts).
Revealed pathway activation (IL2-STAT5 signaling) and inhibition of apoptosis in eCRSwNP.
Observed distinct immune cell populations, including enriched CD4+Th2 cells in eCRSwNP and specific macrophage infiltration patterns.

Conclusions

The study elucidates key molecular and cellular heterogeneity between eCRSwNP and neCRSwNP phenotypes.
Findings contribute to a better understanding of CRSwNP pathogenesis.
Identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improved diagnosis and treatment of CRSwNP.