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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rapid bedside testing for septic arthritis: evaluating cost-effective diagnostic tools.

Pranav Rajasekharan1, Atmananda Hegde1, Prajwal Mane1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Rapid bedside tests using leucocyte esterase (LE) and glucose strips can help quickly diagnose septic arthritis. Combining LE and glucose strip results offers higher accuracy than individual tests for early detection.

Keywords:
diagnostic accuracyglucoseleucocyte esteraseseptic arthritisstrip tests

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Point-of-Care Testing
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Septic arthritis diagnosis via synovial fluid culture is slow and inaccessible in many healthcare settings.
  • A rapid, reliable test is crucial for reducing morbidity in emergency situations.
  • This study addresses the need for faster diagnostic methods in primary and secondary care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of leucocyte esterase (LE) and glucose reagent strip tests for early septic arthritis diagnosis.
  • To determine the diagnostic accuracy of LE and glucose strip tests, individually and in combination.
  • To establish a cost-effective bedside assessment for septic arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 75 patients with atraumatic native joint effusion.
  • Bedside LE and glucose strip testing performed immediately after arthrocentesis.
  • Comparison of strip test results with standard synovial fluid culture and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Septic arthritis was diagnosed in 25 out of 75 cases (33.3%) by standard methods.
  • LE strip test: 92% sensitivity, 70% specificity. Glucose strip test: 88% sensitivity, 76% specificity.
  • Combined LE and glucose strips achieved 86.7% diagnostic accuracy, outperforming individual tests.

Conclusions:

  • Leucocyte esterase and glucose strip tests are effective, cost-efficient bedside tools for rapid septic arthritis diagnosis.
  • Combining LE and glucose strip tests significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy.
  • These rapid tests can improve early detection and management of septic arthritis.