Restoring Function After TBI: A Review of Physical Therapy Strategies for Balance, Gait, and Dual-Task Recovery

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently causes balance, gait, and dual-task deficits.
• These impairments hinder functional independence and community reintegration.
• Deficits stem from sensory, motor, and cognitive system disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the critical role of physical therapy (PT) in assessing and treating individuals with TBI.
• To highlight comprehensive PT strategies and outcome measures for TBI recovery.
• To emphasize the integration of technology and interdisciplinary collaboration in TBI rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing standardized outcome measures (e.g., Berg Balance Scale, Functional Gait Assessment, Timed Up and Go cognitive) for PT assessment.
• Implementing targeted interventions: high-intensity training, gait and balance training, vestibular rehabilitation.
• Incorporating technological aids: LiteGait®, virtual reality, Bioness Integrated Therapy System.

Main Results:

• PT interventions effectively target sensory, motor, and cognitive deficits post-TBI.
• Technological interventions enhance safety, cognition, and balance during therapy.
• Comprehensive PT, including psychosocial support and interdisciplinary collaboration, facilitates holistic recovery.

Conclusions:

• Physical therapy is essential for restoring functional independence after TBI.
• Ongoing outcome measure evaluation guides treatment progression and community reintegration readiness.
• PT plays a vital role in neuroplasticity and recovery for TBI survivors.