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Infantile haemangiomas in very and extremely preterm infants: incidence and main characteristics

Aleksandra Matić1,2, Milan Matić1,3

  • 1University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia.

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|July 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) affect 12.3% of very low gestational age (VLGA) and extremely low gestational age (ELGA) infants. Female infants and those conceived via assisted reproductive techniques (ART) show higher IH incidence.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Limited data exists on infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in preterm infants, particularly those born at very low gestational age (VLGA) and extremely low gestational age (ELGA).
  • Understanding IH incidence and characteristics in this vulnerable population is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in VLGA and ELGA infants.
  • To identify perinatal risk factors associated with IH development in this cohort.
  • To describe the clinical characteristics and management of IHs in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-year retrospective study included all VLGA and ELGA infants born at a single university tertiary-care clinic.
  • Perinatal data (gestation, birth weight, plurality, gender, ART conception) and IH clinical characteristics were collected.
  • Statistical analysis identified risk factors and described IH presentation and complications.

Main Results:

  • Out of 870 VLGA/ELGA infants, 107 (12.3%) had IHs.
  • Female gender and conception via assisted reproductive techniques (ART) were significant risk factors for IHs.
  • Solitary IHs were common (69.2%), often on the trunk (41.4%), with a low complication rate (3.5%).

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of IHs in VLGA/ELGA infants is 12.3%.
  • Female sex and ART conception are key perinatal risk factors for IHs in this population.
  • IHs in preterm infants are generally solitary with few complications, and treatment with beta-blockers is generally well-tolerated.
Abstract

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