Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

218
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
218
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

510
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
510
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

461
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
461
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.6K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.6K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

217
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
217

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prediction of cognitive performance by demographics, sleep, and brain morphometry: machine learning findings from ENIGMA-Sleep Working Group.

Research square·2026
Same author

Chronotype and Time of Day Effects in Oddball Task Performance: Behavioural and Cerebral Correlates.

Journal of sleep research·2026
Same author

Breaking the nap habit: one-year nap restriction mitigates memory decline in older adults.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Pr and Pfr structures of plant phytochrome A.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

PEO-sheathed liquid jets increase sample delivery stability for serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Habitual napping in older adults is accompanied by altered heat-loss rhythms across the circadian cycle and reduced coupling between pre-sleep thermoregulatory dynamics and sleep initiation.

Temperature (Austin, Tex.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
05:05

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice

Published on: September 22, 2023

1.8K

A bistable stochastic model quantifies performance degradation during sleep deprivation.

Sebastian Raison1, Paula Sanz-Leon1, Christina Schmidt2,3

  • 1School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Sleep
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep deprivation causes lapses in attention, leading to slower reactions and unresponsiveness. This study models these changes, revealing two brain states contributing to attention lapses under sleep loss.

Keywords:
cognitive functionmathematical modelingsleep deprivation

More Related Videos

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.5K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice
05:05

Establishing a Device for Sleep Deprivation in Mice

Published on: September 22, 2023

1.8K
A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.5K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Sleep deprivation significantly impairs sustained attention, increasing accident risk.
  • Mechanisms behind attention deficits under sleep loss remain incompletely understood.
  • Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) is a standard measure for sustained attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To combine experimental data and computational modeling to explain and quantify changes in sustained attention during sleep deprivation.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of attention lapses and response slowing.

Main Methods:

  • 317 male participants underwent 40 hours of sleep deprivation under a constant routine protocol.
  • A 10-minute PVT was administered every 2 hours, with hourly saliva melatonin sampling.
  • A minimal, stochastic model was developed to analyze reaction time distributions.

Main Results:

  • A bimodal distribution of reaction speed emerged, with a primary peak for normal performance and a secondary peak for unresponsiveness after ~20 hours of wakefulness.
  • Response slowing exhibited ultradian oscillations (~3 cycles/day).
  • Periods of unresponsiveness were disproportionately affected during the wake maintenance zone.

Conclusions:

  • The bimodal distribution suggests bistability in vigilance states within the sleep-deprived brain.
  • Periods of unresponsiveness are attributed to the coexistence of two distinct vigilance states.
  • Findings offer new insights into vulnerability to sleep loss and potential intervention strategies.