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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Electromagnetic interference suppression in combined tACS-rTMS therapy.

Nianshuang Wu1,2, Jiawei Li3, Zhen Wu1,2

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.

Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is now feasible. We developed a framework to suppress electromagnetic interference, enabling concurrent use of these brain stimulation techniques.

Keywords:
coil orientationelectromagnetic interferencetranscranial alternating current stimulationtranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • The integration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) offers significant therapeutic potential.
  • However, uncharacterized electromagnetic interference between these techniques has hindered their combined application.
  • Addressing this interference is crucial for advancing non-invasive brain stimulation therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the determinants of electromagnetic interference in combined rTMS-tACS systems.
  • To establish a multimodal suppression framework for concurrent rTMS and tACS operation.
  • To enable clinically actionable protocols for simultaneous brain stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling was employed to analyze electromagnetic interference patterns.
  • Experimental validation utilized 3D-printed head phantoms for realistic simulation.
  • Interference suppression strategies included lead geometry optimization, spatial coil relocation, and low-pass filtering.

Main Results:

  • Maximum interference was observed with specific coil and electrode placements (F3 electrode of F3-FP2 tACS loop).
  • Lead geometry optimization (twisted configurations) reduced interference voltages by 20.06%.
  • Orthogonal coil alignment (90°) achieved up to 91.92% suppression, and coil relocation to posterior regions reduced interference by 94.05%.
  • Integrated low-pass filtering effectively eliminated high-frequency interference for F3-targeted TMS.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of electromagnetic coupling in combined rTMS-tACS systems was achieved.
  • A multimodal suppression framework effectively mitigates interference, resolving a fundamental challenge.
  • This study provides the first clinically actionable protocol for the concurrent operation of rTMS and tACS.