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Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:

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Optimisation of Goose oil extraction process by response surface methodology.

Junli Ning¹, Mengqing Xiang¹, Xueli Li¹

¹School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.

Scientific Reports

|July 28, 2025

Summary

Optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction yields high-quality goose fat. The process achieved an 80.22% recovery rate, meeting national standards for purity and stability, showing industrial potential.

Keywords:

Dry boiling Goose oil extraction Orthogonal Response surface Ultrasonic extraction Wet extraction

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Area of Science:

Food Science and Technology
Chemical Engineering
Biotechnology

Background:

Goose fat is a valuable animal fat with diverse applications.
Efficient and standardized extraction methods are crucial for producing high-quality goose fat.
Existing methods may lack optimization for yield and purity.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of goose fat.
To achieve high yield and purity meeting national standards.
To evaluate the quality and stability of the extracted goose fat.

Main Methods:

Response surface methodology (RSM) with a four-factor, three-level experimental design.
Optimization of ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-to-liquid ratio, and temperature.
Verification and scale-up experiments, acid value, peroxide value, accelerated stability tests, and GC-MS analysis.

Main Results:

Optimal UAE conditions: 558 W power, 20 min 36 s time, 1:5 solid-to-liquid ratio, 29°C.
Achieved an average extraction yield of 78.78% and a recovery rate of 80.22% ± 0.22% upon verification.
Extracted fat met national standards for acid (1.112 ± 0.21 mg/g) and peroxide (0.031 ± 0.012 g/100 g) values, with good oxidative stability and 59.17% unsaturated fatty acids.

Conclusions:

The optimized UAE process effectively extracts high-quality goose fat with high yield and purity.
The process is scalable and yields goose fat compliant with national standards.
The extracted goose fat possesses excellent oxidative stability and a favorable fatty acid profile, suitable for industrial production.